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Walther Pistols - an Introduction

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Walther P38

Walther PP

Walther P4

Walther PPK

Walther Model 9

 

Walther P38

 

This handgun is most probably together with the Luger P08 one of the most well known pistols and this handgun is often mistaken as a Luger P08, by people not familiar with handguns, as the shape of these weapons is basically the same.

 

This handgun was developed in the pre-World War 2 period and was an extremely significant 9mm parabellum military handgun. This was the handgun that the German army chose to replace the Luger P08 as their official side arm. It was and still is a handgun superior to the Luger P08 in most ways and shows the improvement in the development of handguns for this period.

 

What made the Walther P38 so successful was the fact that it was the first successful high-powered combat handgun to have a double action trigger. This was the first pistol that could be carried fully loaded with a round in the chamber and the hammer down safely and to fire the pistol by pulling the trigger. The P38 also have a slide-mounted, hammer dropping safety which to this day is probably the most popular safety system in use for double action autoloaders.

 

The P38 was produced in huge quantities beginning of 1940.The P38 was also much easier to manufacture than the Luger P08.  The production of the P08 was ended early in World War 2.

 

World War 2 caused expanded use of the 9mm parabellum cartridge internationally and in huge quantities. This fact made manufactures that never made these handguns change and start producing handguns and ammunition. The tremendous amount of use of this cartridge caused expansion of interest in 9mm parabellum and made it famous.  

 

The P38 was used by countries’ armed forces such as France and Norway.  As these weapons was captured from German forces and used to stock their own armed forces.            

 

Walther P38 is a semi-automatic 9mm parabellum, ten shot magazine, 5 inch barrel, 8 ¾ overall length.  It has checkered or grooved plastic grips, fixed sights and it is blued. Walther HP adopted by the German military in 1939 produced by different markings, identified by code markings on the side through 1945.  Early Walthers produced with high polished finish, are considered very collectable.  The first few thousand had rectangular firing pins and the Walther banner.

 

The Post War Walther P38 has the same specifications as the World War model, manufactured by Carl Walther Waffenfabrik in Germany.  This P38 has much improved workmanship and an alloy frame.

 

The P38 was used by our own police force as their official side arm.  This replaced the Webley and Smith & Wesson revolvers.  The P38 was replaced by the Beretta 92.

 

This P38 was manufactured in late 1945 at about the end of World War 2 as the allied forces surrounded Germany. These pistols were manufactured under extreme conditions and the workmanship and finish are not of the highest quality but it is a rare piece and very collectable. The specimen shown was manufactured towards the end of the War by Carl Walther and do not have the famous Walther banner.  It has P38 stamped on the side together with serial number.

 

Not a commonly known fact is that Manurhin in France also manufactured the P38 under license of Walther.  Not much is know about the French made P38, but that Portuguese armed force used them during the 1970’s.

 

P38’s manufactured during World War 2 were fitted with grooved grips.  Reason being, the German soldiers complained that the checkered grips collected mud and were difficult to clean.  The mud caused irritation of the skin.  It was found that the grooved grips were easier to clean and did not collect mud.  This particular piece has black grooved grips.


 

WALTHER PP

 

Walther’s Model PP (Polizei Pistole) was first introduced in 1929 and is still in production.  It ranks amongst the most interesting and earliest double action service pistol designs to reach a series production and widespread use.  Almost from the day of its production, the PP became the standard police handgun in Europe.  Its issue eventually spread into Africa, the Middle East and Asia.  Its influence spread even further, inspiring a host of derivative handgun designs from Walther as well as other manufacturers.  All these factors have evolved to give the Model PP the honor of being, along with the P38, Walther’s most influential handgun design.

 

Manhurin in France manufactured this particular firearm.  Some may see the pistols manufactured by Manhurin as imitations, but this is not the case.  Fritz Walther fled Germany in June 1945, carrying with him the drawings of the PP.  He also retained the rights to the many Walther patents granted over the years.  Accordingly, he was able to license production of the PP in 1950 to the French firm Manufacture de Machines de Haut-Rhin, better known as Manhurin.  They began production of the PP in 1952 at serial number 100 001.  In 1973 the company already made more than 700 000 PP’s and production at the Manhurin factory stopped in the late 1980’s.  In 1987 the Walther factory in Ulm took over the PP and PPK production while Manhurin dropped out of the business to concentrate on its own firearms products.  As a result PP type pistols made by Manhurin are now collector’s items in their own right.

 

The PP was produced in caliber’s 6.35mm (pre-war models), .22LR (very rare), 7.65mm and 9mm short. 

 

The PP is a semi-automatic pistol, 8 shot magazine, 3 7/8” barrel, 6 5/16” overall length.  It has fixed sights, checkered plastic grips and is blued. 

 

In conclusion, the PP is a well designed, well made gun with outstanding fit and finish.  Its controls are well laid out for a right-handed shooter, but is not impossible for left handed shooters to manage.  Considering its small size and tight fitted bearing surfaces, the PP is quite reliable.  Designed as a trustworthy police sidearm, the PP served well this capacity for over 50 years.  The PP’s importance has also inspired the design of virtually every other modern double action automatic pistol.


 

WALTHER P4

 

It is a very rare find in South Africa as only 7 000 of these firearms were ever manufactured and then distributed all over the world.  They were manufactured between 1974 and 1982.

 

By 1974 the West German Police commission made it clear that the next handgun adopted for the police service in that country would use the 9mm Parabellum cartridge.  Walther then introduced the P4, considerably modified from the P38 in hopes of attracting police business.  At it introduction in 1974, the P4 might have been dismissed by the casual observer as a P38 with a shortened barrel.  It was after all an 8-shot pistol in 9mm parabellum, it used the same magazine, it had the same breech locking system.

 

The frame on the P4 was almost identical to the P38 in appearance, but in designing the P4, Walther made 3 important changes in the frame.  One was the addition of a hexagonally shaped, hardened steel pin located where the locking block under the rear end on the barrel recoiled into the frame upon firing.  This steel re-enforced pin strengthened the lightweight aluminum alloy frame at the point where it received the greatest stress.  So successful did this simple addition prove that Walther has since used it in all of its service pistols based on the P38’s short-recoil system.  It has even retrofitted the reinforcing pin into the latest version of the P38 itself.

 

Walther also shortened the hammer on the P4.  Not only did it retain the capability for shooters to use thumb cocking for a single action first shot, it did not form as prominent a spur as one finds on the P38 hammer.  This also enhanced the P4’s concealed carry capabilities.

 

Walther also replaced the P38’s excellent smooth trigger with a grooved type better suited to target shooting than to service or self defense shooting.  The most obvious difference was in the barrel, which Walther made half an inch shorter than the standard P38.  The chief intent in doing this was to improve the P4’s handling while still offering acceptable ballistics. 

 

Official use of the P4 was limited to the West German police which took approximately 6 500 P4’s.  The West Berlin police also received 200 of these pistols, each marked by Manurhin and assembled in France by parts supplied by Walther.  The West German police was not allowed by treaty to use German made weapons.  Assembling the guns in France was simply a loophole. 

 

Although the pistol was hardly a commercial success, Walther’s experience with the P4 was valuable to the company in several important ways.  First, Walther used what is learned from the P4 to create its next generation of combat handguns.  The company also incorporated the P4’s safety system, which it took almost unchanged from the PP Super and with only slight modifications in the location and arrangement of operating controls, used in the later P5 and P88 series of handguns.  Second, what Walther learned from the P4 ultimately changed the P38.  While the P38’s safety system remained unchanged, Walther eventually incorporated the P4’s improved sights and strengthened the frame into the P38 series, making that pistol a more accurate and stronger weapon.


 

WALTHER PPK

 

It is a Walther PPK 7.65mm pistol.  This particular pistol was manufactured in France by Manurhin under license of Walther.  The PPK is certainly Walther’s most famous pistol ever.  For the past 70 years, the design of the PPK has not changed and this is most remarkable.

 

At first glance, the PPK appears to be a smaller version of the PP, but this exotic pistol acquired a life of its own and in many ways, even surpassed its larger predecessor.

 

PPK (Polizei Pistole Kriminal) or Pistol for Undercover Police went into production in 1929, shortly after the PP.  Mechanically the PPK is virtually the same as the PP, including such features as the double action trigger, loaded chamber indicator and a wide choice of calibers, finishes and options.  The main difference between the PPK and PP is the concealment factor.  The PPK is easier concealed than the PP.  The PPK is not only shorter in length and height, it is also lighter than the PP.  The overall length of the PPK is 5.9”, barrel length is 3.3” and a height of 3.9”.  The PPK magazine capacity is one round less than that of the larger PP.

 

The PPK became successful as a police pistol in the post war period, mainly among German, Austrian and Danish officers.  The PPK was also popular in several armies and air forces.  The PPK was very successful in the espionage field as well.  Many of the comments made in Ian Fleming’s novel (featuring the fictional Cold War hero, James Bond) concerning the PPK remain applicable even today. 

 

When the West German police adopted the 9mm, P5, P6 and P7 service pistols beginning 1978 and 1979, the PPK’s days were numbered.  In other countries, newer handguns – notably the Smith & Wessons Chiefs Special revolver and the Glock 19 automatic pistol have also made inroads in the roles formerly served by the PPK.

 

The Walther PPK is still in production in the United States and Germany with no signs of slowing down.  With its good power-to-size ratio, fame and reputation, the PPK should remain in production and service for a long time to come.  Even from a company accustomed to producing classics as a matter of course, this is a most impressive pistol. 

 

As stated earlier this pistol was manufactured by Manurhin in France under licence of Walther.  Production in France began in 1953 at serial number 500001.  Caliber choices were 9mm short, 7.65mm and .22LR.  This particular pistol was manufactured between 1953 and 1956.  This is clearly visible by the markings found on the pistol when the Thalson Import Company in San Francisco handled the importation of Walther pistols into the United States.


 

WALTHER MODEL 9

 

It is the last in the “Model” range that was manufactured by Carl Walther.  Carl Walther started production of the Model 9 in 1921.  At first the Model 9 created a sensation because it was rated as the smallest 6.35mm pistol. 

 

The specifications are tabled below:

 

Overall length

3.9”

Unloaded weight

9.2 ounces

Height

2.6”

Width

.75”

Magazine capacity

6 shots, although one round can be carried in the chamber.

Action

Single

 

Despite its size the Model 9 was an efficient and practical design, much like the hammerless Model 1.  The Model 9 also had a useful component at the rear of the slide that held the striker, frame and slide together.  Another useful feature of the Model 9 was a cocked-striker indicator.  This device, in the form of a signal pin, protruded from the rear of the slide only when the pistol’s striker spring was compressed, indicating that the gun was cocked.  If the striker was not cocked, the gun could not fire.  Another safety device on the Model 9 was a manual safety located on the left side of the frame that, for right handed shooters, fell naturally under the right thumb.

 

The Model 9 proved an unqualified success for Walther.  No one up to that time had ever created such a small pistol for the very popular 6.35mm cartridge.  Figures indicate that over 30 00 Model 9’s were manufactured between 1922 and 1929.

 

Despite its success, Walther stopped production of the Model 9 in 1939 or 1940 because the company has to concentrate its energies on military production.


 

Walther P38

Walther PP

Walther P4

Walther PPK

Walther Model 9

 

Ms Rolien van der Berg and References

(Johannesburg, South Africa. 2003)

 

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